How is the quality of laser-clad titanium alloys tested to ensure performance standards?

Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE)

Quality verification begins with NDE methods such as ultrasonic testing and X-ray inspection. These techniques detect internal porosity, lack of fusion, and subsurface cracking within the clad layer and titanium substrate. Such inspections are essential before any machining or assembly, especially for aerospace-grade alloys like TC4 and TA15.

Metallographic & SEM Analysis

Cross-sectional microscopy and SEM imaging examine grain structure, bonding interface quality, and heat-affected zone morphology. These tests verify whether the clad layer has achieved proper metallurgical bonding and confirm the absence of microcracks or unwanted phase formation—critical for performance stability in high-stress environments.

Mechanical Property Testing

Tensile, hardness, and fatigue testing evaluate the mechanical integrity of the laser-clad region. Hardness mapping helps verify uniformity in the deposited layer, and fatigue testing ensures the component can withstand cyclic loading common in aerospace applications. When required, complementary treatments such as HIP and heat treatment are validated through these tests.

Dimensional & Surface Inspection

After finishing via CNC machining, dimensional checks using CMM ensure that tolerances meet design requirements. Surface roughness tests confirm wear behavior and coating uniformity—both crucial for titanium components used in sealing interfaces or rotating systems.

Environmental & Functional Testing

To ensure long-term reliability, components undergo corrosion exposure, thermal cycling, and erosion testing. These tests simulate real operating conditions for titanium alloys used in oil and gas, defense, and high-performance aerospace systems, validating coating stability and bond strength under harsh environments.